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Hardware

26 articles

An Introduction to eSIM Technology

This article, drawing from engineering practices with 5G RedCap modules such as the Quectel RG255C-NA00AB, offers a systematic and comprehen…

Summary of 5G/LTE Working Modes

Power management of 5G and LTE modules is a core component in hardware design and BSP driver development. To strike a balance between respon…

How is Millimeter Wave Radar Point Cloud Data Constructed?

The articles A Detailed Summary of Millimeter-Wave Radar FMCW Working Principles and Calculation Process and How Millimeter-Wave Radar Measu…

How Do mmWave Radars Measure and Calculate Angle Information?

In the article Detailed Summary of FMCW mmWave Radar Sensing Workflow and Calculations, we covered the theoretical derivations and mathemati…

Detailed Summary of FMCW mmWave Radar Principles and Calculation Process

In the article Understanding the Principles and Applications of mmWave Sensing Radar, we briefly summarized the fundamental principles of ra…

Understanding the Working Principles of mmWave Sensing Radar Technology

In essence, radar (originally an acronym for 'radio detection and ranging') is a device that detects a target's distance, velocity, and dire…

Why Are DDR and LPDDR Incompatible with Each Other?

Are DDR and LPDDR mutually compatible during system design? For a main host SoC, how do we make the correct selection and design decisions b…

Summary of Operating Temperatures and Calculation Procedures for Electronic Products, Chip Thermal Resistance, and Junction Temperature

Focusing on common thermal design issues in electronic products, this article provides a detailed compilation of temperature, thermal resist…

How PSRAM and LPDDR Reduce Power Consumption

Due to the inherent self-refresh characteristic of DRAM and the processing of high-frequency communication signals, DDR has always been a ma…

Can PSRAM Become the Solution to DDR Shortages?

With the current tight supply and drastic price fluctuations in the DDR memory market, some SoC vendors in the IPC field have started promot…

Working Principles and Applications of Short-Wave Infrared (SWIR) Sensors

This article briefly summarizes the technical concepts of SWIR sensors and imaging systems based on short-wave infrared band imaging, as wel…

Summary of Audio Interfaces in Consumer Audio Codecs

Based on a study and summary of the datasheet for the commonly used TLV320AIC3101 Audio Codec in the market, this article delves into the in…

Summary of Learning on RF Circuit Components

This note provides a brief summary of the basic working principles and applications of various common component circuits in wireless radio f…

Correction to My Understanding of Dual-Band WiFi Antenna Multiplexing and a Comparison Between Duplexer and Diplexer

Previously, in another note of mine describing 2.4GHz and 5GHz dual-band WiFi sharing a single antenna for communication, based on my unders…

Working Principles and Application Summary of G-Sensor

G-Sensor: Gravity Sensor or Accelerometer. Its primary function is to detect sudden changes in an object's acceleration during motion. The m…

A Summary of Concepts: BIOS, UEFI, MBR, GPT, GRUB, EFI, etc.

BIOS and UEFI BIOS: Basic Input Output System. UEFI: Unified Extensible Firmware Interface. To put it simply, whether it is BIOS or UEFI, th…

CMOS Sensor Exposure and Readout Timing

It has been a long time since I last debugged a CMOS sensor driver myself. Recently, I started working on debugging the DOL HDR mode drivers…

Long and Short Packet Structures and the Concept of Virtual Channels in the MIPI CSI Interface

When transmitting data, the MIPI protocol layer communicates in units of data packets. Depending on the type of data being transmitted, thes…

Learning Notes on the Image Sensor MIPI CSI Interface

MIPI CSI Interface and Connection Basics MIPI CSI is a standard interface used to transmit image data captured by an image sensor to an Appl…

Sensor Flicker Issues in CMOS Image Sensors

Due to the use of a rolling shutter in CMOS image sensors, the exposure start and end times vary line by line. When operating under AC mains…

A Summary of Sony's Digital Overlay (DOL) HDR Technology

Comparison Between DOL HDR and Traditional Frame-Based HDR Some Sony image sensors support DOL HDR technology in two-exposure (DOL-2) and th…

Study Summary of the OBD-II Experts Software Stack

This article is a study summary based on the contents of Reference 1. OBD-II Experts is a software component designed for protocol analysis …

Setup Packet in USB Control Transfers

The Setup Packet is generally used by the Host to detect, configure, and execute specific control functions on a Device, such as setting the…

GPS Basics and How Positioning Works

GPS Basics - GPS: Global Positioning System. Its full official name is NAVSTAR GPS (NAVigation Satellite Timing And Ranging Global Positioni…

Summary of Learning TI's Impedance Track Battery Fuel Gauging Technology

Key Parameters for Batteries and Fuel Gauges: - QMax: Total chemical capacity of the battery; - OCV: Open Circuit Voltage, the open-circuit …

Lithium Battery Fundamentals

Lithium Battery Composition Structure Lithium batteries are structurally divided into four main parts: cathode, anode, electrolyte, and sepa…